Welcome to HBase!
HBase is the Hadoop database. Its an open-source, distributed, column-oriented store modeled after the Google paper, Bigtable: A Distributed Storeage System for Structured Data by Chang et al. Just as Bigtable leverages the distributed data storage provided by the Google File System, HBase provides Bigtable-like capabilities on top of Hadoop.
HBase's goal is the hosting of very large tables -- billions of rows X millions of columns -- atop clusters of commodity hardward. Try it if your plans for a data store run to big.
http://tomictech.com/blog/?p=9
What is sharding?
While working at Auction Watch, Dathan got the idea to solve their scaling problems by creating a database server for a group of users and running those servers on cheap Linux boxes. In this scheme the data for User A is stored on one server and the data for User B is stored on another server. It's a federated model. Groups of 500K users are stored together in what are called shards.
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